New skin cells are produced at the bottom of the epidermis, and it moves upward when it matures. In the process, it loses moisture and flattens out until it is exposed at the topmost layer of the skin. This becomes a barrier against moisture loss and environmental damage. The cycle of cell renewal takes about 15 to 30 days, but the process takes longer as we age.

When the skin exposed to sun and pollution, the barrier in the epidermis and the elastin and collagen in the dermis are damaged, resulting to fine lines and wrinkles. Melanin is also produced as skin’s natural protection from the sun, which results to dark spots on the skin.

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